Key Vocabulary Terms

Classify - group things based on the features they share
Phylum - subdivision of a kingdom (plural is phyla)
Genus - A group of living things that includes separate species.
Species - a group of organisms that can breed with each other to produce offspring like themselves.
Scientific name - the name given to each species, consisting of its genus and its species

Key Concepts

Biologists classify organisms based on similarities such as appearance, cell structure, hereditary material, and means of getting food and reproducing
The seven levels of classification are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
A Species is a single type of organism, capable of breeding with other members of its species to produce offspring like themselves.
Each level of classification groups organisms that are more similar to each other.
The scientific name of an organism is its genus then its species such as: Tyto alba. (barn owl) see question 5 P48.

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Investigation 3 "Classifying Objects" (Optional, must complete 10 total investigations)

Key Concepts and Ojectives

You will use your creativity to develop a classification sytem of several objects you work with on a daily basis.
You will understand the complexity of trying to classify every living organism.

Vertebrate - An animal with a backbone.
Cartilage - a soft material found in vertebrate skeletons
Vertebra - one of the bones or blocks of cartilage that make up a backbone
Gill - A structure used by some animals to breathe in water
Swim bladder - A gas-filled organ that allows a bony fish to move up and down in water
Amphibian - a vertebrate that lives at first in water and then on land
Metamorphosis - a major change in form that occurs as some animals develop into adults
reptile - an egg-laying vertebrate that breathes with lungs
Cold-blooded - having a body temperature that changes with temperature of surroundings.
Warm-blooded - having a body temperature that stays the same
Mammary gland - a milk-producing structure on the chest or abdomen of a mammal

Key Concepts

All vertebrates have an internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage, a backbone, and a skull.
A shark is unlike most fish because its skeleton is made of cartilage and most fish have skeletons made of bone.
Many animals go through a metamorphosis; A frog starts out as a tadpole, which grows legs, loses its gills and tail, and develops into an adult frog.
Mammals have two features other vertebrates do not have; mammals have mammary glands and mammals have hair to hold in body heat.

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Invertebrate - an animal that does not have a backbone
Cnidarian - an invertebrate animal that includes jellyfish, corals, and hydras
Radial symmetry - an arrangement of body parts that resembles the arrangement of spokes on a wheel
Tentacle - an armlike body part in invertebrates that is used for capturing prey
Flatworm - a simple worm that is flat and thin
Bilateral symmetry - a body plan that consists of left and right halves that are the same
Roundworm - a worm with a smooth, round body and pointed ends
Segmented worm - a worm whose body is divided into sections, such as earthworms or leeches
Mollusk - an invertebrate divided into three parts.
Arthropod - a member of the largest group of invertebrates, which includes insects
Molting - the process by which an arthropod sheds its external skeleton.
Crustacean - a class of arthropods that includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, and sow bugs.
Arachnid - a class of arthropods that includes spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks.
Complete metamorphosis - changes in form during development in which earlier stages do not look like the adult
Incomplete metamorphosis - changes in form during development in which earlier stages look like the adult
Pupa - a stage in the development of some insects that leads to the adult stage
Tube foot - a small structure used by echinoderms for movement

Key Concepts

Invertebrates have many methods of feeding for instance a sponge strains its food particles out of the water that moves through their bodies.
Body plans are different in invertebrates; radial symmetry is like spokes on a wheel and bilateral symmetry is a body plan that has identical right and left sides.
There are three main types of worms; flatworms (tapeworms), roundworms (hookworms), and segmented worms (leeches, earthworms).
Many invertebrates molt as they grow, for example, arthropod's external skeleton does not grow, so they must shed (molt) their skeleton to grow in size.
Invertebrates have many different ways of movement, for example, Echinoderms attach their tube feet to surfaces and pull themselves along.

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Chapter Summary and Review

See page 64-65

Chapter 3 Review answers are