YKSD Biology Chapter Lesson 8 "How the Body Moves"

Chapter 8 Lesson 8 "How the Body Moves" (two days)

Materials:

Objective:

.Students will identify five functions of bone.
Students will explain how bones and muscles work together to produce movement.
Students will describe the different kinds of muscles.

Alaska Content Standards:

SCI A-10 Students will understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in Cells (Cells)
SCI A-12 Students will distinguish the patterns of similarity and differences in the living world in order to understand the diversity of life and understand the theories that describe the importance of diversity for species and ecosystems.

Anticipatory Set: Discuss a recent athletic injury either of a student, professional athlete, or yourself. Discuss how the injury affects the players movement. Guide the students in a discussion about what they know about how the bones and muscles are involved in the injury.

Teacher Input: Discuss the skeletal system. Ask the students a series of questions to find out what they know. How many bones do you have in your body? What system do the bones make up? What does that system or bones do? What problems can you have with that system? After determining what the students know show them the picture of the skeleton and tell them the skeletal system has 206 bones. The skeletal system supports the body, with no skeleton the rider would quickly slump off the bike, the bones protect organs(show skull), Show this joint, bones allow movement. Show this picture of bone marrow, explain that this is where red blood cells are created. Bones also store minerals, show calcium picture, calcium is also one of the minerals stored in bones that help them function better.

What do most bones start as? How is it different than bone? Where do you have cartilage in your body? How is the skeletal system of a baby different than yours? How is yours different than your grandparents? After this discussion show this picture of baby skeleton and discuss that all our bone starts out as cartilage but by the time we are born we have more than 300 bones. as we grow the cartilage between bones turns to bone and joins many of the bones. You still have some cartilage in your body. (show picture of nose and ears) in bone joints. Bones change throughout life. As the body needs minerals it steals them from the bones and then they are replaced. Show these pictures of Osteoporosis, 1, 2, 3. If the body does not replace the minerals it can cause problems for the body. Discuss osteoporosis.

How are bones held together? How does this allow for movement? What are the different types of bone joints.Show this bone joint or knee joint. Discuss a bone joint. There are many different types of bone joints check this page for moving joints http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/joints/synovial.htm

Otherwise use these pictures to discuss the different joints: ball and socket, condyloid, plane, hinge, Pivot, saddle joint.

Guided Practice: Show the students the ADAM CD on the skeletal system and stop it to help them fill in the study guide that will accompany the CD part of the lesson.

Independent Practice: Have the students work on the Vocabulary Review sheet.

End of day 1.

Day 2, Teacher input: Show a picture of the muscular system. How many muscles are in your body? The muscular system consists of 600 different muscles. What do muscles do? Show this picture of a bone joint. Discuss it. Can a muscle push and pull a bone? How many muscles do most of the simple joints have controlling them? (two, they usually work in pairs) What connects the muscles to the bones? Show this picture of a tendon. What is the difference between tendons and ligaments? Show this one and explain. Show this picture and explain how muscle tissue is organized.

What is the most important muscle in your body? What does it do? Is it the same type of muscle as the ones that move your bones? How many different types of muscle are there? Show the three types of muscle tissue and discuss them. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle. How are they different? What types of muscles can you control by thinking about them? Show the three types again and discuss them in detail. skeletal,cardiac, smooth. This time with some organs and discuss voluntary and involuntary.cardiac, skeletal, smooth.

Modeling: Play the ADAM CD and stop it to help the students with the study guide.

Check for Understanding: Go through the question on P204 with the students help them with ideas that are difficult for them. this goes on the bottom of their notes sheet.

Independent Practice: Students will take the quiz on Lesson 8.

Duration:

(2 periods) 30 minutes + 10-15 for Independent Practice (Could be longer if taken for homework).