AIDE
Earth Science Key Points
Chapter 8 "Rocks"
Lesson 1 "Rocks and Rock Types"
Key Vocabulary Terms
- rock - natural, solid material
made of one or more minerals.
- igneous rock - rock formed
from melted minerals that have cooled and hardened.
- sedimentary rock - rock formed
from pieces of other rock and organic matter that have been pressed and
cemented together.
- metamorphic rock - rock that
has been changed by intense heat, pressure, and chemical reactions.
Key Concepts
- A rock is a natural solid
material made of one or more minerals put together.
- Rocks can provide a lot of
information, they can help locate resources such as oil and coal, and explain
changes in the environment.
- There are three main types
of rock, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
- Melted minerals form igneous
rock
- Metamorphic rock is formed
by intense heat, pressure, and chemical reactions.
Did you learn these Objectives?
- Can you explain what rocks
are?
- Are you able to explain why
scientists study rocks?
- Are you able to name three
types of rock?
Lesson 2 "Igneous
Rocks"
Key Vocabulary Terms
- magma - hot, liquid rock inside
the earth
- intrusive rock - igneous rock
that forms underground from cooled magma.
- texture - size of crystals
in an igneous rock.
- lava - magma that comes out
onto the earth's surface.
- extrusive rock - igneous rock
that forms from cooled lava on the earth's surface
Key Concepts
- Igneous rocks form when hot,
molten lava or magma cools and hardens.
- Intrusive igneous rocks are
coarse-grained because they form slowly deep within the earth. Extrusive
igneous rocks are fine-grained rocks that form on the earth's surface.
- Magma is hot, liquid rock
inside the earth. Lava is magma that reaches the surface of the earth.
- Basalt is common in the ocean
floor, Hawaiian Islands, and eastern Washington and Oregon
- granite is coarse-grained
with small crystals. Obsidian is glassy and smooth with no crystals.
Did you learn these Objectives?
- Are you able to explain how
igneous rocks form?
- Can you compare intrusive
and extrusive igneous rocks?
- Can you identify samples of
igneous rocks?
Lesson
3 "Sedimentary Rocks"
Key Vocabulary Terms
- sediment - solid material,
such as sand, soil, pebbles, and organic matter, that is carried in air,
water, or ice and settles out.
- clastic rock - sedimentary
rock made mainly from fragments of other rocks.
- conglomerate - clastic rock
mad of founded pebbles cemented together.
- chemical rock - sedimentary
rock that forms from chemicals dissolved in water.
- organic rock - sedimentary
rock that forms from the remains of living things.
Key Concepts
- Sedimentary rock form from
bits of rocks, minerals, and organic matter settle out of moving water,
wind or ice. These sediments then become compacted and cemented to from
sedimentary rock.
- The three main types of sedimentary
rocks are clastic, chemical, and organic.
- Conglomerate rocks contain
the largest sizes of grains; sandstone has smaller grains; shale has the
smallest grains.
- Rock salt, gypsum, and some
limestones are examples of a chemical rock.
- Organic rocks are made from
the remains of living things.
Did you learn these Objectives?
- Can you explain how sedimentary
rocks form?
- Are you able to compare clastic,
chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks?
- Are you able to identify samples
of sedimentary rocks?
Investigation
8-1 "Making Calcite" (Optional, must complete 16 total investigations)
Key Concepts
- You will observe the formation
of calcite when you mix washing soda and calcium chloride.
Lesson
4 "Metamorphic Rocks"
Key Vocabulary Terms
- foliated rock - metamorphic
rock in which minerals have been rearranged into visible bands.
- nonfoliated rock - metamorphic
rock that does not show bands.
Key Concepts
- Metamorphic rocks when preexisting
rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, and hot fluids into metamorphic
rocks.
- Foliated rocks contain minerals
that have been rearranged into visible bands; nonfoliated rocks lack these
bands.
- Slate is formed from shale,
a clastic sedimentary rock.
- Marble is formed from limestone,
a chemical or organic sedimentary rock.
- slate is used to make tiles
and gneiss is not because slate contains a lot of mica, which causes it
to split easily into thin sheets for tiles; gneiss has less mica and does
not split well.
Did you learn these Objectives?
- Can you explain how metamorphic
rocks form?
- Are you able to identify samples
of foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks?
Lesson
5"The Rock Cycle"
Key Vocabulary Terms
- rock cycle - series of natural
changes that cause one type of rock to become another type of rock.
Key Concepts
- Rocks on the earth's surface
can be changed when they break down, or weather, because of the forces of
wind, water, lifting things, and gravity. the resulting sediment is carried,
often by waste, and deposited in layers, where it settles and eventually
becomes cemented together.
- Intense heat and pressure
are two underground forces that change rocks.
- For rock to become magma it
must become hot enough to melt inside the earth.
- Sedimentary rock might become
metamorphic rock it buried deep enough it will be altered by intense heat
and pressure, forming metamorphic rock.
- Metamorphic rock could become
igneous rock if it becomes hot enough to melt and then cools again into
an igneous rock.
Did you learn these Objectives?
- Can you describe how one type
of rock can change into another type?
- Are you able to explain the
forces involved in the rock cycle?
Investigation
8-2"Identifying Rocks" (Optional, must complete 16 total investigations)
Key Concepts
- You will observe properties
of rocks and identify rock samples with a hand lens.
Chapter Summary and Review
See page 200-201.
Chapter 8 Review answers are
1.
lava
2.
sediment
3.
rock cycle
4.
magma
5
metamorphic rock
6.
sedimentary rock
7.
igneous rock
8.
texture
9.
extrusive rock
10.
conglomerate
11.
B
12.
A
13.
B
14.
D
15.
D
16.
sedimentary
17.
sedimentary
18.
igneous
19.
sedimentary
20.
metamorphic
21.
sedimentary
22.
igneous
23.
sedimentary