Chapter 12 Investigations
Materials:
- Materials for 12-1 on Page 284. Materials for 12-2 on Page 292
Picture Sequence from Instructor part of Investigation.
The following picture series shows two sedimentary rock types before
and after chemical weathering.
| Type of material |
Picture before Weathering |
Picture After Weathering. |
| Limestone |
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| Limestone |
 |
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| Limestone |
 |
 |
| Limestone |
 |
 |
| Chalk |
 |
 |
| Chalk |
 |
 |
| Chalk |
 |
 |
| Chalk |
 |
 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
Duration:
30 minutes + 10-15 for Independent Practice (Could be longer if taken for homework).
Alaska Content Standards Addressed in this lesson:
- SCI A-1 Students will understand models describing the nature of molecules,
atoms, and sub-atomic particles and the relation of the models to the structure
and behavior of matter (Structure of Matter);
- SCI A-2 Students will understand the physical, chemical, and nuclear changes
and interactions that result in observable changes in the properties of matter
(Changes and Interactions of Matter);
- SCI A-3 Students will understand models describing the composition, age,
and size of our universe, galaxy, and solar system and understand that the
universe is constantly moving and changing (Universe);
- SCI A-4 Students will understand observable natural events such as tides,
weather, seasons, and moon phases in terms of the structure and motion of
the earth (Earth);
- SCI A-5 Students will understand the strength and effects of forces of nature,
including gravity and electromagnetic radiation (Forces of Nature);
- SCI A-6 Students will understand that forces of nature cause different types
of motion and describe the relationship between these forces and motion (Motion);
- SCI A-7 Students will understand how the earth changes because of plate
tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, erosion and deposition, and living things
(Processes that Shape the Earth);
- SCI A-8 Students will understand the scientific principles and models that
describe the nature of physical, chemical, and nuclear reactions;
state that whenever energy is reduced in one place, it is increased somewhere
else by the same amount; and
state that whenever there is a transformation of energy, some energy is spent
in ways that make it unavailable for use (Energy Transformations);
- SCI A-9 Students will understand the transfers and transformations of matter
and energy that link living things and their physical
- SCI A-15 Students will use science to understand and describe the local
environment (Local Knowledge); and:
- SCI A-16 Students willunderstand basic concepts about the theory of relativity,
which changed the view of the universe by uniting matter and energy and by
linking time with space (Relativity).
- SCI B- 1 Students will use the processes of science; these processes include
observing, classifying, measuring, interpreting data, inferring, communicating,
controlling variables, developing models and theories, hypothesizing, predicting,
and experimenting;
- SCI B- 2. Students will design and conduct scientific investigations using
appropriate instruments
- SCI B- 3. Students will understand that scientific inquiry often involves
different ways of thinking, curiosity, and the exploration of multiple paths.
- SCI B - 4. understand that personal integrity, skepticism, openness to new
ideas, creativity, collaborative effort, and logical reasoning are all aspects
of scientific inquiry.
- SCI B - 5. employ ethical standards, including unbiased data collection
and factual reporting of results; and
- SCI B - 6. employ strict adherence to safety procedures in conducting scientific
investigations.
- SCI C- 1. Students will know how the words "fact," "observation,"
"concept," "principle," "law," and "theory"
are generally used in the scientific community;
- SCI C- 2. Students will understand that scientific knowledge is validated
by repeated specific experiments that conclude in similar results;
- SCI C- 3. Students will understand that society, culture, history, and environment
affect the development of scientific knowledge;
- understand that sharing scientific discoveries is important to influencing
individuals and society and in advancing scientific knowledge;
- SCI C- 4. Students will understand that some personal and societal beliefs
accept non- scientific methods for validating knowledge;
- SCI C- 5 Students will understand that sharing scientific discoveries is
important to influencing individuals and society and in advancing scientific
knowledge;.
- SCI C- 6. Students will understand that scientific discovery is often a
combination of an accidental happening and observation by a knowledgeable
person with an open mind;
- SCI C- 7. Students will understand that major scientific breakthroughs may
link large amounts of knowledge, build upon the contributions of many scientists,
and cross different lines of study; and
- SCI C- 8. Students will understand that acceptance of a new idea depends
upon sup- porting evidence and that new ideas that conflict with beliefs or
common sense are often resisted.
- SCI D- 1. apply scientific knowledge and skills to understand issues and
everyday events;
- SCI D-2. understand that scientific innovations may affect our economy,
safety, environment, health, and society and that these effects may be long
or short term, positive or negative, and expected or unexpected;
- SCI D- 4. evaluate the scientific and social merits of solutions to everyday
problems;
- SCI D- 5. participate in reasoned discussions of public policy related to
scientific innovations and proposed technological solutions to problems; and
- SCI D- 6. act upon reasoned decisions and evaluate the effectiveness of
the action.