Chapter 11 Lesson 2, "Sources of Water"

Materials:

• Worksheet, "Sources of Fresh Water"

Objective:

• Students will be able to explain how ground water moves and forms the water table.
• Students will be able to describe springs, geysers, and caves.
• Students will describe how runoff creates river, drainage basins, and lakes.
• Students will identify three purposes of reservoirs.

Anticipatory Set:* Use the website TopoZone to take a trip upriver from Kaltage to Allakaket and identify fresh water sites along the way. Show a map and move the mouse to different parts of the state. Ask the students if the pointer is on fresh water or salt water.

Teacher Input:* There is a large number of vocabulary words in this lesson. Have the students list the vocabulary words and get ready to define them as we go along.

the students that some rocks are porus and some are not porus. Ask what porus means.Show a cross section of the earth and where groundwater exists. Is a water table a table made of water or in this case ice. Show the water table in this picture and explane what it is. As water moves through the soil it can disolve salts and other minerals. As it does it leaves a hole underground. What is that hole known as? Cave Ins some cases caves near the surface collape and can suck in up to a half a city block. What are these large holes in the surface called. (sinkhole, sinkhole diagram) Then in some cases the ground water comes very close to underground lava. This can heat the water to near boiling and create a lot of presure until the water blasts out of the surface. What is this called? Geyser. In other cases the water does not get superheated but it still comes back out on the surface as a spring or arteisian well.

When stream or a small river flows into a larger river it is known as a ? Tributary. It is kind of strange I think that the village at one of these confluences is known by the same name as the smaller tributary. Hughes Creek, Nulato River, Alatna River, Nenana River, and Koyukuk. Koyukuk is a unique case in which the river is known as Koyukuk and the town is known as Kiukuk. All these river we just talked about flow into the Yukon and Bearing Sea eventually. What do you call the area that a river drains. any raindrop that falls in one of you village goes into the Yukon River so you live in the Yukon River ______________. What do you call the line that separates one drainage from another?

Read the Did you Know from page 262. Why is that kind of funny? (over 3 million that are each over 20 acres) Lakes actually don't make up much of the water on earth at all. Look at the diagram from page 262. Although lakes do not contain a large percent of water they are very important to humans on earth. This man-made lake was formed when man made the Parker dam. The water from the Colorado River is then divereted to fields accross california. What is this man made lake called? Other than storing water wha else does it do? Controls flooding, Generates electricity.http://people.howstuffworks.com/hydropower-plant2.htm

Guided Practice:* Students will answer the questions at the end of Lesson 2 on page 264 together.

Independent Practice:* Students will complete the worksheet, "Sources of Fresh Water"

Check for Understanding:* Students will take the quiz on lesson 2, "Sources of Fresh Water"

Duration:

30 minutes + 10-15 for Independent Practice (Could be longer if taken for homework).

Alaska Content Standards Addressed in this lesson:

• SCI A-4 Students will understand observable natural events such as tides, weather, seasons, and moon phases in terms of the structure and motion of the earth (Earth);
• SCI A-5 Students will understand the strength and effects of forces of nature, including gravity and electromagnetic radiation (Forces of Nature);

• SCI A-15 Students will use science to understand and describe the local environment (Local Knowledge); and: