Lesson 1 "Cells, Tissues, and Organs"

Turn to Pages 20-21 Look at the picture on Page 20 and see how it relates to the quote on that page.

Turn to Page 21 Read the short introduction to Unit 1

Turn to Pages 22-23 Read the brief introduction to the chapter and look at the goals you will achieve this chapter.

Scan Pages 24-25; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 24-25 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Read Pages 24-25 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 25? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 1 "Cells, Tissues, and Organs" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 1 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Cell - the basic unit that makes up your body.

Cell membrane - the outer wall of a cell.

Cytoplasm - The jelly-like material inside the cell membrane.

Microscope - a tool used to see cells.

Nucleus - the control center of the cell.

Body system - a group of organs that work together to carry out a certain job.

Mitosis - the dividing process that makes new cells.

Organ - A group of tissues that work together

Tissue - a group of cells that do the same job.

Section Review Answers

1. Skin cells help keep germs's out of the body. White blood cells fight the germs that enter the body. Nerve cells send messages amount the different parts of the body and brain.
2. A microscope is needed because cells are too small to see otherwise.
3. Mitosis allows your body to make new cells.
4. Cells that do the same job combine to form a tissue.
5. Cells are made up of a membrane, the cytoplasm, and a nucleus. the cell membrane is the outer wall of the cell through which food and wastes pass. Most of the cell's life activities take place in the cytoplasm. The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you name different kinds of cells in the body?

Are you able to describe parts of a cell and explain what each part does?

Can you understand the organization of the body into cells, tissues, organs, and systems?

Lesson 2 "The Body's Protective Covering"

Scan Pages 26-27; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 26-27 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Take a look at the questions on page 27 so you know what to look for while reading.

Read Pages 26-27 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 27? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 2 "The Body's Protective Covering" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 2 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Dermis - The middle layer of the skin

Epidermis - the outer layer of skin that you can see.

Gland - a group of cells that produces a special substance to help the body work.

Keratin - a protein that makes nails hard.

Melanin - a chemical that gives skin and hair its color.

Perspiration - sweat.

Subcutaneous layer - the deepest layer of the skin.

Section Review Answers

1. Either of two of these three will work. The skin keeps germs out of the body, helps maintain a steady body temperature, and helps the body adjust to changes around it.
2. The three main layers of skin are the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer.
3. Both are made of skin cells and are part of the outer layer of the skin. The epidermis is made of dead skin cells. The dermis is made of living cells.
4. Oil glands and sweat glands; oil glands secrete oil, which helps keep the skin smooth; sweat glands secrete sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.
5. Skin detects pain or heat and sends messages to the brain. The brain then tells the body how to react.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain the function of the skin?

Are you able to describe the three layers of the skin?

Lesson 3 "The Skeletal and Muscular System"

Scan Pages 28-31; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 28-31 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for an read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 28-31.

Read Pages 28-31 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 31? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 3 "The Skeletal and Muscular System" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 3 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Contract - Shorten

Joint - a place where two bones come together.

Muscular system - The body system made up of your muscles

Skeletal system - The body system made up of your bones and joints.

Involuntary muscle - a muscle that moves whether you think about it or not.

voluntary muscle - a muscle that moves when you think about it.

Section Review Answers

1. There are 206 bones in the skeletal system.
2. The muscles move the bones, allowing the body to move the purpose of the skeletal system is to provide the frame for the body and protective other parts of your body.
3. The purpose of the skeletal system is to provide the frame for the body.
4. The Muscles in the legs that help you walk are voluntary muscles. Your heart muscle is an involuntary muscle.
5. A set of muscles works together to raise your arm. One muscle contracts and the other expands.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Are you able to explain the functions of the bones and muscles?

Can you explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together?

Are you able to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Lesson 4 "The Digestive and Excretory Systems"

Scan Pages 32-35; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 32-35 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for and read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 32-35.

Read Pages 32-35 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 35? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 4 "The Digestive and Excretory Systems" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 4 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Digestive system - the body system that breaks food down.

Esophagus - the tube that connects the throat and the stomach.

Excretory system - the body system that rids the body of waste and extra water.

Saliva - the liquid in the mouth that begins digestion.

Small intestine - where most of digestion takes place.

Anus - the opening through which solid wastes leave the body.

Large Intestine - the tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum.

Rectum - the organ that stores solid waste before it leaves the body.

Ureter - the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Urethra - the tube through which urine passes out of the body.

Urine - the liquid waste formed in the kidneys.

Section Review Answers

1. food is first broken down in the mouth.
2. Your blood takes the digested parts of food.
3. The parts of food that are not used by cells are excreted by the body.
4. The wastes that leave the body through the excretory system are in the form of urine.
5. The kidneys clean the blood. If the kidneys did not work properly, the entire body would be contaminated with wastes.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you describe the process of digesting food in the body?

Are you able to explain how the body removes solid and liquid wastes?

Lesson 5 "The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems"

Scan Pages 36-39; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 36-39 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for an read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 36-39.

Read Pages 36-39 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 39? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 4 "The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 5 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Capillary - a tiny blood vessel.

Circulatory system - the body system that pumps blood through the body.

Respiratory system - the body system responsible for breathing

Trachea - the tube that connects the throat to the lungs.

Aorta - the largest artery in the body.

Artery - A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Plasma - the liquid part of blood.

Vein - a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

Section Review Answers

1. Air flows from your nose or mouth into your throat and down the windpipe, or trachea. Near your lungs, the trachea splits into two tubes. These tubes bring the air to your lungs.
2. Oxygen moves through the thin walls of the air sacs into the capillaries.
3. Blood brings food and oxygen to all parts of the body. Blood picks up wastes from all parts of the body.
4. Blood is made of cells and plasma.
5. The respiratory system and the circulatory system bring oxygen to the body cells and take carbon dioxide away from the cells.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain how the body takes in oxygen?

Are you able to describe the parts of the respiratory system?

Can you explain how blood flows through the body?

Can you describe the parts of the circulatory system?

Lesson 6 "The Nervous System"

Scan Pages 40-43; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 40-43 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for an read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 40-43.

Read Pages 40-43 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 43? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 4 "The Nervous System" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 6 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Cerebellum - the lower part of the brain, which controls balance and coordination.

Cerebrum - the top part of the brain, which controls thinking.

Medulla - the part of the brain that connects the spinal cord.

Nervous system - the body system that sends and receives messages throughout the body.

Spinal cord - the cable of nerve cells within the bones of the spine.

Central nervous system - the brain and the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system - all the nerves in the body outside the brain and the spinal cord.

Section Review Answers

1. Messages are passed throughout the body by nerve cells.
2. The main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the medulla.
3. The cerebrum controls learning thinking, and memory. The cerebrum may also decide when you need to lift a box off the floor. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscles so that they move smoothly. The cerebellum works closely with the cerebrum. The cerebellum also sends messages to muscles so that all the muscles can work together.
4. The two systems of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
5. The main job of the peripheral nervous system is to communicate all the information about the body to the central nervous system.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Are you able to describe the parts of the nervous system?

Can you compare the functions of the central and the peripheral nervous systems?

Lesson 7 "The Endocrine System"

Scan Pages 44-46; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 44-46 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for an read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 44-46.

Read Pages 44-46 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 46? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 7 "The Endocrine System" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 7 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Endocrine System - the body system that uses chemicals to send and receive messages.

Hormone - A chemical messenger produced by a gland

Secrete - form and give off.

Adrenal gland - the endocrine gland that releases several hormones.

Adrenaline - the hormone that increases certain body functions.

Pituitary gland - the endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain.

Thyroid gland - the endocrine gland that affects a person's energy.

Section Review Answers

1. Endocrine glands form and secrete hormones into the blood.
2. Hormones are chemicals that control activities within the body.
3. the pituitary gland secretes hormones that tell the reproductive organs to begin developing.
4. The pituitary glands secrete many different hormones that control many different activities throughout the body.
5. Adrenaline causes the heart to beat faster.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain the functions of the endocrine system?

Are you able to describe how glands and hormones affect the body?

Lesson 8 "The Reproductive System"

Scan Pages 47-50; focus on the cream colored boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 47-50 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Scan for an read the short articles and tips that you find on Pages 47-50.

Read Pages 47-50 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 50? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 8 "The Reproductive System" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 8 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Ovary - the female organ that stores eggs.

Ovulation - the monthly process of releasing an egg.

Puberty - the period when children develop into adults and reach sexual maturity.

Reproductive system - The body system responsible for making a baby.

Menstruation - the monthly flow of an egg and extra tissue from the uterus.

Sperm - the male sex cells.

Testes - the male organ that makes sperm.

Uterus - the female organ that holds a growing baby

Vagina - the birth canal through which a baby is born.

Penis - the male organ used to deliver sperm ad to urinate.

Sexual intercourse -inserting the penis into the vagina.

Section Review Answers

1. Females are born with all the eggs they will ever have. Sperm are made in the testes and are produced throughout a male's lifetime starting at puberty.
2. Ovulation is the monthly release of an egg. Menstruation is the monthly passing of an unfertilized egg and other tissue.
3. Once released, an egg travels through a tube to the uterus. If the egg is joined by a sperm, it plants itself in the wall of the uterus. If it is not fertilized, it will pass out of the body through the vagina.
4. The sperm are stored in coiled tubes. then the sperm flow into the urethra. The urethra leads to the outside of the body through the penis.
5. the male reproductive system produces the deposits of sperm into the female reproductive system. The female reproductive system stores and releases eggs. When a sperm joins with an egg, the female reproductive system nurture the growing baby.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you describe the male and female reproductive systems?

Are you able to explain how reproduction occurs?

 Preparing for Chapter 1 Test

Turn to Page 51 and read the Chapter 1 summary.

On pages 52-53 you will find the Chapter 1 review, complete the review.

Check your answers with those in the Key Points.

Take the Chapter 1 Test "The Body Systems"

Review the answers then print the results for your records.

Chapter 1 Review answers

1. endocrine
2. blood
3. bones
4. digestive
5. spinal cord
6. hormone
7. glands
8. cerebrum
9. cells
10. muscle
11. epidermis
12. kidneys
13. uterus.
14. The skin prevents germs from entering the body. It keeps the body's temperature steady. It also helps the body adjust to changes around it.
15. The respiratory system and the circulatory system bring oxygen to the body cells and take carbon dioxide away from the cells.
16. Blood brings food and oxygen to all parts of the body. Blood picks up wastes from all parts of the body. Blood also has cells that fight germs.
17. The endocrine system communicates with other parts of the body through hormones that are secreted in the blood. The nervous system communicates by sending messages through nerve cells.
18. the muscles move bones, allowing the body to move in different ways.
19. Your answers will vary. Call or write me if you did not know how to answer this question and I will help you through it. Just make sure you back-up your answer.
20. Your answers will vary. Call or write me if you did not know how to answer this question and I will help you through it. Just make sure you back-up your answer.

Congratulations you finished chapter 1!!