Lesson 1 "What is Sound"

Turn to page270-271 look at the picture on those pages read about it and the short introduction to Chapter 10

Visually Scan Pages 272-273; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 272-273 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Look for and read any little blue boxes on pages 272-273

Read Pages 272-273 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 274? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 1 "What is Sound" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 1 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Vibrate - to move rapidly back and forth

sound wave - a wave produced by vibrations

Section Review Answers

1. Matter vibrates and causes air particles to move; the sound travels through the air in waves.
2. It moves in waves similar to the way a wire spring moves.
3. A sound wave is the movement of molecules around a vibrating object.
4. Vibrate means to move quickly back and forth.
5. The sound waves become weaker.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain what sound is?

Can you explain how sound is produced?

Are you able to explain how sound energy moves in waves?

Lesson 2 "Different Sounds"

Visually Scan Pages 275-279; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 275-279 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Read Pages 275-278 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 279? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 2 "Different Sounds" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 2 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Intensity - the strength of a sound.

decibel - a unit that measures the intensity of sound.

volume - the loudness of softness of a sound.

pitch - how high or low a sound is.

frequency - the number of vibrations per second of a sound wave

Cycle - the complete back-and-forth motion of a vibration.

Hertz, Hz - the unit used to measure frequency of sound; one Hertz equals one cycle per second.

Section Review Answers

1. Its intensity is high.
2. A person's hearing interprets intensity as high or low volume. A sound with a higher intensity will be louder than one with a lower intensity.
3. A high frequency means more vibrations per second and a higher pitch; a low frequency means fewer vibrations per second and a lower pitch.
4. Hertz is the unit we use to measure frequency.
5. A decibel measures intensity.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain intensity and volume of sound?

Are you able to explain how the frequency of a sound wave affects its pitch?

Lesson 3 "How Sound Travels"

Visually Scan Pages 280-286; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 280-286 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Visually Scan for an read the short articles in the blue boxes that you find on Pages 280-286.

Read Pages 280-285 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 286? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 3 "How Sound Travels" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 3 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

reflect - to bounce back.

echo - a sound that is reflected to its source.

sonar - a method of using sound to measure distances under water.

Ultrasound - a technique that uses sound waves to study organs inside the human body.

Section Review Answers

1. They travel through matter by causing its molecules to vibrate; the motion is passed from molecule to molecule in waves resulting from a series of compressions and expansions.
2. Sound moves most quickly through solid. The molecules are closest together in solids, so they don't move far as the sound wave passes through them, and they bounce back into their original position quickly.
3. At higher temperatures, air molecules spread apart and sound travels more slowly.
4. Sound waves sent into the water are reflected by the ocean bottom and return to the surface. Because scientists know how fast sound travels in water, they can tell how far the sound travels.
5. Sound waves can be used to find tumors inside the body and to see the development of an unborn baby.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain how sound travels through matter.

Can you compare the speed of sound in solids, liquids, and gases.

Can you explain how sound can be reflected.

Are you able to explain how sound waves are used to measure distances under water.

 Investigation 10-1 "Inferring How Sound Waves Travel"

Optional, (must complete 3 this quarter)

Gather the materials you need; safety glasses, pencil with sharpened point, large plastic-foam cup, 2 rubber bands (one cut), plastic food wrap, salt, plastic beaker, water, for Explore further; tuning fork.

Follow the procedure on page 287-288.

Complete the follow-up investigation quiz. (The 4 questions will be the same as the four questions on P288)

Lesson 4 "What Is Light?"

Visually Scan Pages 289-292; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 289-292 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Visually Scan for an read the short articles and questions in the blue boxes that you find on Pages 289-292.

Read Pages 289-291 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 292? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 4 "What Is Light?" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 4 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

light - a form of energy that can be seen.

photons - small bundles of energy that make up light.

visible spectrum - the band of colors that make up white light; the colors in a rainbow.

Prism - a clear piece of glass or plastic that is shaped like a triangle; it can be used to separate white light.

Section Review Answers

1. A stream of photons, which has properties of both waves and particles, makes up a beam of light.
2. Light travels as waves in a straight line. However, it also gives evidence of traveling in a stream a particles.
3. Light travels faster through space. A window is matter; light travels slower through matter.
4. The colors that make up white light or red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
5. A prism separates white light into its component colors of the visible spectrum.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you define light and explain how visible light is produced?

Are you able to describe the nature of light?

Are you able to explain how light waves travel?

Can you describe the visible spectrum?

Lesson 5 "How Light is Reflected"

Visually Scan Pages 294-298; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 294-298 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Visually Scan for an read the short articles and questions in the blue boxes that you find on Pages 294-298.

Read Pages 294-297 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 298? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 5 "How Light is Reflected" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 5 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Image - a copy or likeness

Plane mirror - a flat, smooth mirror

Concave mirror - a mirror that curves in at the middle.

Focal point - the point where reflected light rays from a concave mirror came together in front of the mirror.

Convex mirror - a mirror that curves outward at the middle.

Section Review Answers

1. Images reflected from a rough surface are not as clear as those from a smooth surface because the reflected light returns at many different angles from the rough surface.
2. A concave mirror curves inward like a cave and tends to form an image that is upside down and may be larger or smaller than the reflected object. A convex mirror curves outward like the surface of a ball and forms a right-side-up image that is smaller than the reflected object.
3. Convex mirrors reflect a much larger area and give a wider view.
4. In a plane mirror, the object is reversed.
5. A concave mirror curves inward.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you describe how plane mirrors reflect light?

Are you able to describe how concave and convex mirrors reflect light?

Investigation 10-2 "Measuring Angles of Reflected Rays"

Optional, (must complete 3 this quarter)

Gather the materials you will need, safety glasses, mirror, textbook, masking tape, unlined white paper, pencil, flashlight, comb, protractor, ruler, sheet of white paper.

Follow the procedure on page 299-300.

Complete the follow-up investigation quiz. (The 3 questions will be the same as the 3 questions on P300)

Lesson 6 "Bending Light"

Visually Scan Pages 301-304; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 301-304 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Visually Scan for an read the short articles and questions in the blue boxes that you find on Pages 301-304.

Read Pages 301-303 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 304? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 6 "Bending Light" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 6 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

refraction - the bending of a light wave as it moves from one material to another.

lens - a curved piece o clear material that refracts light waves.

concave lens - a lens that is thin in the middle and thick at the edges.

convex lens - a lens that is thick in the middle and thin at the edges.

nearsighted - able to see object that are close up clearly.

farsighted - able to see objects at a distance clearly.

Section Review Answers

1. refraction is the bending of a light wave as it moves from one material to another.
2. A concave lens causes rays to diverge, or spread apart.
3. A convex lens causes rays to converge, or bend inward.
4. A concave lens is used to refract light rays apart. Then the rays strike the lens of the eye in a position that causes the focal point to fall on the retina instead of in front of it.
5. A convex lens converges light rays so the lens of the eye can make them focus on the retina instead of behind it.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain how light is refracted.

Are you able to describe how concave and convex lenses refract light.

Are you able to explain how lenses in eyeglasses can correct vision?

 Preparing for Chapter 10 Test

Turn to Page 305 and read the Chapter 10 summary.

On pages 306-307 you will find the Chapter 10 review, complete the review.

Check your answers with those in the Key Points.

Take the Chapter 10 Test "Sound and Light"

Review the answers then print the results for your records.

Chapter 10 Review answers

1. prism
2. image
3. sonar
4. lens
5. ultrasound
6. decibel
7. Hertz
8. convex lens
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. Intensity is strength of sound. Intensity is based on how much energy the sound wave carries. Volume is the way your ear interprets intensity of sound as loud or soft. Pitch is how high or low a sound seems and is determined by its frequency. Frequency is the number of vibrations per second of the sound wave.
13. An object whose echo takes 9 seconds to return is 3,114 meters away.

Congratulations you finished the tenth chapter !!