Lesson 1 "In Search of Natural Laws"

Turn to Page 452-453, quickly look over both pages and read the introduction to the chapter on Page 452.

While on Page 452 read the goals for the chapter.

Turn to Page 453 and read about the Geography of Notable People (1687 - 1789)

Scan Pages 454-456; focus on the gray boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 454-456 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Turn to Page 456 and read the questions at the end of the section so you know what to look for when you read.

Read Pages 454-456 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 456? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 1 "In Search of Natural Laws" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 1 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

behavior - the way a human being or animal acts

predictable - tending to act in a certain orderly way

reason - thinking in a logical way.

enlightened - having a belief in reasoning; moving away from ignorance

ignorance - the state of not knowing much

Section Review Answers

1. False / reason or reasoning
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False / Reason

Did you learn these Objectives?

Are you able to explain why historian call this period of history the Age of Reason?

Can you explain how Isaac Newton's work influenced the Age of Reason?

Lesson 2 "New Theories on Government"

Scan Pages 457-460; focus on the gray boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 457-460 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

On page 460 Read the question so you know what to look for while you are reading.

Read Pages 457-460 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 457? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 2 "New Theories on Government" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 2 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

contract - a legal agreement

liberty - freedom

Virtue - goodness to one another

privilege - a special right given to a person or to a group of people

value - a belief or an idea that people think is important.

Section Review Answers

1. Hobbes thought that monarchs with absolute power should rule.
2. John Locke believed that we are born with three basic rights: the right to life, liberty, and Property.
3. Montesquieu thought that powers should be separated so that no branch of government would get too powerful.
4. Hobbes believed people were born uncivilized and that government brought them order. Rousseau thought that people were born good and that civilization spoiled them.
5. According to Rousseau, a community expressed what it wanted through its shared customs, traditions, and values, or its general will.

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you compare the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?

Are you able to understand Baron de Montesquieu's idea of balance of powers?

Can you explain Jean Rousseau's views concerting the general will?

Lesson 3 "The Influence of Enlightened Thinkers"

Scan Pages 461-464; focus on the gray boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 461-464 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

On page 464 Read the question so you know what to look for while you are reading.

Read Pages 461-464 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 464? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 3 "The Influence of Enlightened Thinkers" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 3 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

Enlightenment - a time in European history when thinkers and writers tried to solve the problems of society by using reason.

salon - a meeting of artists, writers, and thinkers in a Paris home during the Enlightenment.

ban - to get rid of; to make something not legal

prejudice - an unfair opinion; an opinion formed without collecting all the facts.

Section Review Answers

1. Paris
2. Geoffrin
3. Voltaire
4. Diderot
5. Frederick

Did you learn these Objectives?

Can you explain how the Paris salons fostered the Enlightenment?

Are you able to describe the importance of Diderot's encyclopedia?

Lesson 4 "Enlightenment Ideas Influence Artists"

Scan Pages 465-468; focus on the gray boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Scan Pages 465-468 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

On page 468 Read the question so you know what to look for while you are reading.

Read Pages 465-468 (take notes of important ideas)

Do you know the answers to the questions on page 468? (See Key Points below for help)

Do you know the vocabulary words? (See Key Points below for help)

Take the quiz on Lesson 4 "Enlightenment Ideas Influence Artists" (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!)

Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 4 Key Points

Vocabulary Terms

baroque - the type of complex music developed in the late 1600s

composer - a person who makes up music

fugue - a type of baroque music in which the melody is repeated

melody - a tune

classical - a type of music from the 1700s and 1800s that is orderly and balanced; in the style of ancient Greece or Rome

Symphony - a long musical work played by a group of musicians using many different instruments.

woodwind - an instrument a musician plays by blowing into it; traditionally made of wood.

Section Review Answers

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d
5. c

Did you learn these Objectives?

Are you able to explain how music was influenced by enlightened thinking?

Can you describe the kinds of books that were written during the Age of Reason?

 Preparing for Chapter 18 Test

Turn to Page 469 and read the article on "What Is the Enlightenment?".

Turn to Page 470 and read the spotlight story, "In Defense of Women's Rights"

Turn to Page 471 and read the Chapter 18 summary.

On pages 472-473 you will find the Chapter 18 review, complete the review.

Check your answers with those in the Key Points.

Take the Chapter 18 Test "The Age of Reason"

Review the answers then print the results for your records.

Chapter 18 Review answers

1. Newton
2. Hobbes
3. Locke
4. Montesquieu
5. Rousseau
6. Geoffrin
7. Voltaire
8. Diderot
9. Maria Theresa
10. Handel

Comprehension: Multiple Choice

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. a

Comprehension: Understanding Main Ideas:

1. During these years, many thinkers thought that they could solve the problems of society and government by using reason.
2. People who believed in scientific reasoning called themselves "enlightened" thinkers. They no longer walked in the darkness of ignorance. During this time, thinkers, writers, rulers, and artists criticized society and tried to solve its problems with reason, so historians call this movement the Enlightenment.
3. Like Hobbes, Locke thought that government should keep order in a society. He also thought that government was a contract between the ruler and those ruled. But the two men differed, too. Unlike Hobbes, Locke believed that people were reasonable. Given the chance, they would act in an orderly manner. Locke also believed that people had rights. In fact, they were born with three rights - the right to life, property, and liberty. the job of government was to protect these rights. Hobbes thought that people gave up the rights they had so as to obtain order in their world. Locke said that people kept their rights even when they agreed to be governed. Locke also said that people had a right to rebel against a ruler and a government.

Chapter 18 Skills Lesson "Using Reference Materials"

Read Page 390.

Answer the questions on Pge 474 and compare them with these:

1. Encyclopedia
2. Almanac, encyclopedia
3. Periodical index
4. Atlas, gazetteer
5. Gazetteer, atlas, encyclopedia, almanac
6. Encyclopedia
7. Newspaper
8. Encyclopedia
9. Atlas, gazetteer, encyclopedia
10. Almanac, encyclopedia

Take the quiz on Cause and effect, 18-Skill "Using Reference Materials"

Print out the results for your records.

Congratulations you finished the eightteenth chapter !!